Guide to the Spring BeanFactory

1. Introduction

This article will focus on exploring the Spring BeanFactory API.

BeanFactory interface provides a simple, yet flexible configuration mechanism to manage objects of any nature via the Spring IoC container. Let’s have a look at some basics before diving deep into this central Spring API.

2. Basics – Beans and Containers

Simply put, beans are the java objects which form the backbone of a Spring application and are managed by Spring IoC container. Other than being managed by the container, there is nothing special about a bean (in all other respects it’s one of many objects in the application).

The Spring container is responsible for instantiating, configuring, and assembling the beans. The container gets its information on what objects to instantiate, configure, and manage by reading configuration metadata we define for the application.

3. Maven Dependencies

Let’s add the required Maven dependency to the pom.xml file. We will be using Spring Beans dependency to set up the BeanFactory:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
    <version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

4. The BeanFactory Interface

It’s interesting to start by having a look at the interface definition in org.springframework.beans.factory package and discuss some of its important APIs here.

4.1. The getBean() APIs

Various versions of getBean() method return an instance of the specified bean, which may be shared or independent across the application.

4.2. The containsBean() API

This method confirms if this bean factory contains a bean with the given name. More specifically, it confirms if the getBean(java.lang.String) able to obtain a bean instance with the given name.

4.3. The isSingleton() API

The isSingleton API can be used to query if this bean is a shared singleton. That is if getBean(java.lang.String) will always return the same instance.

4.4. The isPrototype() API

This API will confirm if getBean(java.lang.String) returns independent instances – meaning a bean configured with the prototype scope, or not.

The important thing to note is this method returning false does not clearly indicate a singleton object. It indicates non-independent instances, which may correspond to other scopes as well.

We need to use the isSingleton(java.lang.String) operation to explicitly check for a shared singleton instance.

4.5. Other APIs

While the isTypeMatch(String name, Class targetType) method checks whether the bean with the given name matches the specified type, getType(String name) is useful in identifying the type of the bean with the given name.

Finally, getAliases(String name) return the aliases for the given bean name, if any.

5. BeanFactory API

BeanFactory holds bean definitions and instantiates them whenever asked for by the client application – which means:

• It takes care of the lifecycle of a bean by instantiating it and calling appropriate destruction methods
• It is capable of creating associations between dependent object while instantiating them
• It is important to point that BeanFactory does not support the Annotation-based dependency Injection whereas ApplicationContext, a superset of BeanFactory does

Do have a read on Application Context to find out what it can do extra.

6. Defining the Bean

Let’s define a simple bean:

public class Employee {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    
    // standard constructors, getters and setters
}

7. Configuring the BeanFactory with XML

We can configure the BeanFactory with XML. Let’s create a file bean factory-example.xml:

<bean id="employee" class="com.baeldung.beanfactory.Employee">
    <constructor-arg name="name" value="Hello! My name is Java"/>
    <constructor-arg name="age" value="18"/>
</bean>    
<alias name="employee" alias="empalias"/>

Note that we’ve also created an alias for the employee bean.

8. BeanFactory with ClassPathResource

ClassPathResource belongs to the org.springframework.core.io package. Let’s run a quick test and initialize XmlBeanFactory using ClassPathResource as shown below:

public class BeanFactoryWithClassPathResourceTest {

    @Test
    public void createBeanFactoryAndCheckEmployeeBean() {
        Resource res = new ClassPathResource("beanfactory-example.xml");
        BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(res);
        Employee emp = (Employee) factory.getBean("employee");

        assertTrue(factory.isSingleton("employee"));
        assertTrue(factory.getBean("employee") instanceof Employee);
        assertTrue(factory.isTypeMatch("employee", Employee.class));
        assertTrue(factory.getAliases("employee").length > 0);
    }
}

9. Conclusion

In this quick article, we learned about the main methods Spring BeanFactory API offers and an example to illustrate the configuration and its usage.